Jaw Surgery

Jaw Surgery, alternatively termed orthognathic interventions, encompass a distinct class of surgical endeavors targeting the rectification of facial and dental aberrations. This domain of surgery resides within the broader scope of maxillofacial procedures, addressing a multitude of operative techniques pertinent to the mandible, visage, and cervix regions. The execution of orthognathic interventions typically falls within the purview of an adept oral and maxillofacial practitioner, endowed with the requisite expertise to conduct intricate operations involving the facial and mandibular areas. (1) (2)

Frequently, such surgical interventions are endorsed for individuals plagued by misaligned mandibles or pronounced malocclusions that defy correction through orthodontic methodologies alone. Moreover, the necessity for Jaw Surgery may arise in cases of patients beset by somnolent apnea or alternative respiratory impediments. Contemporary Jaw Surgery approaches have evolved to become more secure and efficacious, substantially enhancing oral well-being, facial symmetry, and overall life satisfaction. (3) (4)

Definition and Overview

Jaw surgery is a corrective surgical procedure that can help treat misaligned jaws, including overbites, underbites, crossbites, and open bites. The surgery can also help realign facial bones, improve facial symmetry and balance, and correct breathing problems. The procedure is often performed in conjunction with orthodontic treatment to achieve optimal results.

Jaw surgery is a complex procedure that involves the correction of structural abnormalities in the jaw and facial bones. Misaligned jaws can lead to a range of issues, such as difficulty chewing, speaking, breathing, and sleeping. In severe cases, jaw misalignment can also cause chronic pain, headaches, and dental problems. 

Jaw surgery can address these issues by repositioning the jaw and facial bones to achieve proper alignment, improving both function and appearance. In some cases, jaw surgery may also be recommended to treat congenital defects or facial trauma. The combination of orthodontic treatment and jaw surgery can result in a significant improvement in a patient's quality of life.

Procedure

During the procedure, the surgeon makes incisions inside the mouth, separating the bone from the overlying soft tissues. The surgeon then repositions the jawbone, using screws, plates, and wires to hold it in place. Once the jawbone is in the desired position, the surgeon stitches the incisions closed.

After the surgery, patients are usually placed under close observation in a recovery room before being discharged. The recovery period following jaw surgery can be challenging and requires patience and careful attention to post-operative care.

The use of advanced technology and techniques has made jaw surgery a less invasive procedure with a shorter recovery time. Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies have revolutionized the way jaw surgery is performed. These technologies allow for greater precision in the surgical planning and execution, reducing the risk of complications and improving outcomes.

Jaw Surgery Risks and Side Effects

According to the Mayo Clinic, jaw surgery, while typically safe under the care of skilled surgeons, does present potential risks. It is crucial for patients to understand these risks as part of the informed consent process.

Surgery may result in complications such as:

• Potential blood loss.
• Risk of infection post-procedure.
• Possibility of nerve damage.
• The jaw might fracture during surgery.
• The jaw may revert to its pre-surgery position.
• Issues may arise with the alignment of the bite and jaw pain.
• Some cases might require additional surgical interventions.
• Selected teeth could need root canal treatment.
• There is a risk of losing a jaw segment.

Following surgery, patients may notice:

• Discomfort and facial swelling.
• Dietary challenges, which dietitians or supplements can help mitigate.
• An adjustment period to the altered facial structure.

Candidates

Candidates for jaw surgery are typically individuals who have significant jaw misalignment that cannot be corrected through orthodontic treatment alone. Other factors that may make a person eligible for jaw surgery include speech difficulties, chronic jaw pain, difficulty chewing, and sleep apnea. A thorough evaluation by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is necessary to determine if an individual is a suitable candidate for jaw surgery.

To be considered a suitable candidate for jaw surgery, patients must have good overall health, be non-smokers, and have realistic expectations about the outcome of the procedure. A thorough evaluation by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is necessary to determine if the patient is a good candidate for the surgery. 

The surgeon will take into account the patient's medical history, dental history, and facial structure to determine the best course of treatment. In some cases, patients may need to undergo additional tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, or 3D imaging, to evaluate the extent of the jaw misalignment and plan the surgery accordingly. 

Post-Procedure

After jaw surgery, patients may experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort. To ensure a smooth recovery, it is crucial to follow the surgeon's post-operative instructions carefully. This may include wearing a compression garment, taking pain medication as prescribed, and avoiding strenuous activity.  

During the recovery period, patients may need to follow a special diet consisting of soft foods to aid in the healing process and prevent damage to the jaw. Hard, crunchy, or chewy foods should be avoided as they may cause discomfort or damage to the surgical site. Smoking and drinking alcohol should also be avoided, as they can slow down the healing process and increase the risk of complications.

In addition to following post-operative instructions, patients should attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with their surgeon to monitor the healing progress and detect any potential complications. Any unexpected symptoms or concerns should be reported to the surgeon immediately. The recovery period can range from several weeks to several months, and patients should be patient and diligent in their post-operative care to ensure the best possible outcome.

Results

Patients can expect to see significant improvements in their jaw alignment and facial appearance after the surgery. However, the full results may take several months to become apparent, as the healing process can be slow. It is worth noting that orthodontic treatment may be required after the surgery to achieve optimal results.

The results of jaw surgery can be life-changing for patients, as they can experience significant improvements in their ability to eat, speak, and breathe, as well as a boost in self-confidence. The success of the surgery depends on several factors, including the extent of the jaw misalignment, the skill of the surgeon, and the patient's commitment to post-operative care. Patients should expect some swelling and bruising for several weeks after the surgery, but these symptoms should gradually subside over time.

In conclusion, jaw surgery is a corrective surgical procedure that can help treat jaw misalignment, improve facial appearance, and enhance functionality. If you're considering jaw surgery, it's essential to consult with an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon to determine if you're a suitable candidate. By following your surgeon's post-operative instructions carefully and allowing adequate time for recovery, you can expect to see significant improvements in your jaw alignment and overall facial appearance.